3 Early Folding Cameras for 9 x 12 cm

All three cameras may have originated from Wünsche; all shutters are functional, all with double extension for use of the rear lens element and focusing screen backs. 1) Steinheil, Munich (label on the side). Embossed "Minimal" on the back; Steinheil Munich Orthostigmat 6.8/12 cm no. 6386, patent pending; elaborate lens standard adjustment; unusual Newton viewfinder with an aiming pin positioned 3 mm in front of the glass. (3-/3) – 2) Emil Wünsche, Reick (label inside the camera). Model with rack-and-pinion lens standard adjustment (later marketed by Ica as the "Ideal"); Extra Rapid-Aplanat 8/15 cm; brilliant viewfinder. (3/3) – 3) Unmarked; Kenngott Paris Medio Anastigmat 7.7/14 cm in Koilos shutter; originally supplied with a mislabeled lens – an Aplanat usable only from f/11 onwards. A case for a historical equivalent of a consumer watchdog. Very well preserved, likely because it was consistently returned after purchase. (2-/3) – And: 4) Non-fiction book in German by H. Franz & E. Reutinger, Steinheil, Münchner Optik mit Tradition (Steinheil: Munich Optics with Tradition), 2001, 455 pages. – Note: These three cameras illustrate a chapter of economic history, showing why supplying cameras without lenses to other optical manufacturers could pose a risk for a camera maker.

布雷克拍品等级是为了方便竞买人判断拍卖品的成色而设置的。布雷克等级用1到6级来标注外观和功能的成色，(从非常好到非常差)。 在目录图册里用括号里的2个数字来表示，前一个数字表示外观成色的级别，后一个数字表示功能成色的级别。如(3/2)表示外观成色是3(满意的)，功能成色2(好)。 成色 定义参照下列标准： 1 - 非常好 (未使用过，没有使用痕迹) 2 - 好 (新，极少的使用痕迹) 3 - 满意的 (普通的使用痕迹) 4 - 及格的 (明显的使用痕迹，某个非主要部件是后配的) 5 - 有缺陷的 (极明显的使用痕迹, 某个主要部件是后配的，功能上有缺陷，需要修理) 6 - 非常差 (严重破损, 缺少重要部件)